Sunday, August 17, 2025

Unlike none-other

Ever since Hanif Kureishi had a devastating fall while holidaying in Rome in 2022, the accident did leave the noted writer paralyzed but not without causing any dent on his creative zeal. Physical tragedy did rob him of his muscular abilities, but it could not dilute the essence to express himself. The outcome is an eclectic memoir, a daily diary dictated by him to his immediate family members. These hospital dispatches have been suitably edited and meticulously expanded into a book, a daily account of pain and less immersed in gratitude, humility and love. 

Shattered is a diary of life in pieces, recorded with rare insights from hospital beds in different hospitals. Deprived of newpapers, music, and the rest of regular stuff, he had to stretch his imagination beyond uninteresting hospital beds and the bland walls. Although he had slowed down in life, then well into his late sixties, Kureishi has never found himself so busy. In the company of doctors and nurses, and peeping fellow patients, there was an odyssey of a medical system that he had to live through. Seeing little escape from it, he had to reinvent the writer in him. Unable to type or to hold a pen, he began to dictate the words formed in his head to his family members.

“People say when you’re about to die your life passes before your eyes, but for me it wasn’t the past but the future that I thought about”. The accident was a physical tragedy, but it had unique emotional outcomes worth sharing with others. It made him start over as a person, and as a writer, who began to take himself seriously. The conversational energy of his voice unburdens thoughts, lends no-hold barred tone a narrative that is both reflective and imaginative. Scattered is powerful and absorbing memoir that uses personal calamity to inspire others under similar condition. 

The book is packed with pain and humor, confessions and revelations, as well as wit and wisdom. Kureishi hasn’t been shy on narrating ruminations on bodily functions and bowel movements. In equal measure one notices pity and sympathetic vibes from Gregor Samsa, and realize the presence of Franz Kafka in dealing with realism and absurdity. Shattered is an absorbing and engaging readings on Kureishi’s reflections on life and his interactions with fellow patients. An identity that is seemingly been redrawn.  

What seems like a pause in routine life is also an opportunity to try something new, things one has never done before. "You may be afraid of presenting something personal to the world, but you can never anticipate how others will receive it.” Kureishi’s vulnerability is as evident as his courage to wriggle out of it through his writing. The aim of creative writing, reminiscences the author, is to give pleasure because the writing work is not a therapy but an entertainment for the reader. Quite right, writing finally wants to cheer up its readers.  

Kureishi raises an old cliché: Why me? Rarely it ever gets a credible answer. Who would ever think of responding: Why not you? Why would you think it would not be you? Though we would like to be acknowledged for our exceptional qualities, it is our ordinariness that often gets noticed most of the times. If this is the case, then it favors ‘who else but not me’. Though we may be important to one another, according to Kafka we are not much more than nothing in the universe. Interrogating our character alone is crucial for self-determination.

Shattered is both imaginative and reflective, revisiting the past from a futuristic perspective. It helps give up the standardized view of the world for a more complex one, which includes hitherto unmet people. Much like writing, this calls for working on oneself every day. This is what Kureishi has been through in this difficulty journey towards an impossible life. That there is life amidst despair, is indeed a possibility.

A disabled life in an able-bodied world is definitely another matter, and a different world in itself. It makes one feel one’s identity slipping away, as if becoming someone else. In a world that has both shrunk and expanded, it calls for doing new things every day. Shattered will change the way one connects with life. 

Shattered 
by Hanif Kureishi
Hamish Hamiltan, New Delhi 
Extent: 327, Price: Rs. 999.

First published in Hindustan Times.

Sunday, August 10, 2025

Is capitalism on its last breath?

It may be hard to imagine that capitalism has outlived its relevance. No one can argue it better than Yanis Varoukakis, the former Finance Minister of Greece, who experienced the transition while negotiating his country’s debt crises with the European Union. Responding to his daughter’s compelling question ‘why is there so much inequality’ resulted in a slim volume entitled Talking to My Daughter: A Brief History of Capitalism which is a precursor to the book under reference. Capitalism’s two pillars, markets and profits, have mutated into cloud capital and cloud rent. Digital platforms are markets in themselves, and their primary function is to extract rent. 

The mutation may seem subtle, but its impact is profound. Cloud capital doesn’t necessarily labor to bring a commodity to market but receives a significant portion of what the consumers pay for it. With every click and scroll, the consumer pays rent to access what is on offer at those digital platforms. Varoufakis argues that cloud capital no longer focuses on growth, value and profit, but instead on rent extraction and control. Further, cloud capital reduces consumers into fragments of data, identifies them as a pack of choices, and manipulates them through algorithms. This reshaping of our lives may seem transformative, but it is no less exploitative and an imminent threat to our social co-existence. 

Called cloudalists, the sphere of influence of the new capitalists extends to nearly every facet of our app-powered daily life. Such is the influence, according to Varoufakis, we are reduced as products with our incessant clicks and searches generate profit for massive corporations; our data too is a product that gets bought and sold, and on top of it those who control the platforms have direct control over us, reducing us as digital pigmies. Need it be said that our capacity to stay focused has been compromised. Under such changing scenario, algorithms reinforce patriarchal stereotypes and hate-mongers for optimizing capital flow. 

TechnoFeudalism is about the historical journey in which humans not only transformed matter by taking control of technology but got transformed in return too. Ancient Greek poet Hesoid had summed it up by saying that iron hardened not only our ploughs but also our souls. Marx had described our condition under capitalism as one of alienation, under technofeudalism we no longer own our minds. Under technofeudalism, elaborates Varoufakis, a new class draws power from owning cloud capital whose tentacles entangle everyone. The author leaves the reader with the choice - accept either the world resembling Star Trek, where machines help us improve ourselves, or like The Matrix in which we are the fuel that empowers machines.  

It is not easy to read this book, but the narrative is insightful and empowering. Getting slowly sucked into the world of technofeudalism, the compelling question remains: will the new-age capitalism leave space and scope for freedom and democracy? The answer lies in capturing all that has changed since Mad Men implanted longings into our subconscious. It has since then been replaced by Alexa taking charge, spinning us out of control into something that we can neither fathom nor regulate. The rules of game are indeed threatening 

Technofeudalism is all about authority and control, it erects strong barrier to being questioned. By giving fewer opportunities for people to come together, it incapacitates people to organize and forge alliances for representation. The challenge is how to represent ourselves when what seemed labor to be paid and work to be executed is anything but a rent seeking feudalism that subsists on high-tech form of serfdom. The emerging technofeudalism is indeed global, and its power truly global. This book is not about technology but about the treatment meted to capitalism and therefore to us through screen-based, cloud-linked devices. 

TechnoFeudalism 
by Yanis Varoufakis
BodleyHead/Vintage
Extent: 281, Price: Rs. 531.

First published in Deccan Herald.